April 12

From Wikipedia Mirror

(Redirected from 12 April)

Jump to: navigation, search

Template:Pp-move-indef Template:AprilCalendar Template:ThisDateInRecentYears Template:Day

Events

467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire.
1557 – Cuenca is founded in Ecuador.
1606 – The Union Flag is adopted as the flag of Great Britain.
1633 – The formal inquest of Galileo Galilei by the Inquisition begins.
1776 – American Revolution: With the Halifax Resolves, the North Carolina Provincial Congress authorizes its Congressional delegation to vote for independence from Britain.
1820 – Alexander Ypsilantis is declared leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.
1861 – American Civil War: The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
1864 – American Civil War: The Fort Pillow massacre: Confederate forces kill most African American soldiers that surrendered at Fort Pillow, Tennessee.
1865 – American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.
1877 – The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.
1917 – World War I: Canadian forces successfully complete the taking of Vimy Ridge from the Germans.
1927 – April 12 Incident: Chiang Kai-shek orders the CPC members executed in Shanghai, ending the First United Front.
1934 – The strongest surface wind gust in the world at 231 mph, is measured on the summit of Mount Washington, US.
1934 – The US Auto-Lite Strike begins, culminating in a five-day melee between Ohio National Guard troops and 6,000 strikers and picketers.
1935 – First flight of the Bristol Blenheim.
1937 – Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft at Rugby, England.
1945 – US President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies while in office; vice-president Harry Truman is sworn in as the 33rd President.
1955 – The polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk, is declared safe and effective.
1961 – Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to travel into outer space in Vostok 3KA-2 (Vostok 1).
1963 – The Soviet nuclear powered submarine K-33 collides with the Finnish merchant vessel M/S Finnclipper in the Danish straits.
1968 – Nerve gas accident at Skull Valley, Utah.
1980 – Samuel Doe takes control of Liberia in a coup d'état, ending over 130 years of national democratic presidential succession.
1980 – Terry Fox begins his "Marathon of Hope" at St. John's, Newfoundland.
1981 – The first launch of a Space Shuttle: Columbia launches on the STS-1 mission.
1990 – Jim Gary's Twentieth Century Dinosaurs exhibition opens at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
1992 – Disneyland Resort Paris opens in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France.
1994 – Canter & Siegel post the first commercial mass Usenet spam.
1998 – An earthquake in Slovenia, measuring 5.6 on the Richter scale occurs near the town of Bovec.
1999 – US President Bill Clinton is cited for contempt of court for giving "intentionally false statements" in a sexual harassment civil lawsuit.
2002 – Pedro Carmona becomes interim President of Venezuela during the military coup against Hugo Chávez.
2002 – Palestinian suicide bomber (female) kills 7 and injures 104 (among them 9 Arab people) at the Mahane Yehuda Market in Jerusalem.
2009 – U.S. Navy rescues captain Richard Phillips, killing three pirates and capturing a fourth.

Births

599 BC – Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism (d. 527 BC)
812 – Muhammad at-Taqi, Muslim Shia Imam (d. 835)
1484 – Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Italian architect (d. 1546)
1500 – Joachim Camerarius, German classical scholar (d. 1574)
1526 – Muretus, French humanist (d. 1585)
1550 – Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, English politician (d. 1604)
1577 – Christian IV of Denmark (d. 1648)
1705 – William Cookworthy, English chemist (d. 1780)
1713 – Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, French writer (d. 1796)
1722 – Pietro Nardini, Italian composer (d. 1793)
1724 – Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1790)
1748 – Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist (d. 1836)
1777 – Henry Clay, American statesman (d. 1852)
1794 – Germinal Pierre Dandelin, Belgian mathematician (d. 1847)
1796 – George N. Briggs, 19th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1861)
1799 – Henri Druey, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1855)
1823 – Aleksandr Ostrovsky, Russian dramatist (d. 1886)
1839 – Nikolai Przhevalsky, Russian explorer (d. 1888)
1848 – José Gautier Benítez, Puerto Rican poet (d. 1880)
1851 – Edward Walter Maunder, English astronomer (d. 1928)
1852 – Ferdinand von Lindemann, German mathematician (d. 1939)
1856 – William Martin Conway, English art critic and mountaineer (d. 1937)
1866 – Princess Viktoria of Prussia (d. 1929)
1868 – Akiyama Saneyuki, Japanese naval commander (d. 1918)
1869 – Henri Désiré Landru, French serial killer (d. 1922)
1871 – Ioannis Metaxas, Greek general and dictator (d. 1941)
1883 – Dally Messenger, Australian rugby league footballer (d. 1959)
1884 – Otto Meyerhof, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (d. 1951)
1884 – Tenby Davies, Welsh world champion runner (d. 1932)
1887 – Harold Lockwood, American actor (d. 1918)
1888 – Heinrich Neuhaus, Soviet musician (d. 1964)
1892 – Johnny Dodds, American musician (d. 1940)
1893 – Robert Harron, American actor (d. 1920)
1894 – Francisco Craveiro Lopes, 13^th President of Portugal (d. 1964)
1898 – Lily Pons, American soprano (d. 1976)
1901 – Lowell Stockman, American representative (d. 1962)
1902 – Louis Beel, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1977)
1903 – Jan Tinbergen, Dutch economist, Nobel laureate (d. 1994)
1907 – Felix de Weldon, Austrian-born sculptor (d. 2003)
1907 – Hardie Gramatky, American author and animator (d. 1979)
1908 – Robert Lee Scott, Jr., American Air Force pilot (d. 2006)
1908 – Ida Crowe Pollock, English writer.
1911 – Mahmoud Younis, Suez Canal nationalization Engineer (d. 1976)
1912 – Walt Gorney, American actor (d. 2004)
1912 – Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, Second Vice President of Indonesia (d. 1988)
1914 – Armen Alchian, American economist
1916 – Beverly Cleary, American writer
1916 – Benjamin Libet, American scientist (d. 2007)
1917 – Helen Forrest, American singer (d. 1999)
1919 – Billy Vaughn, American musician and bandleader (d. 1991)
1921 – Robert Cliche, Quebec politician and magistrate (d. 1978)
1923 – Ann Miller, American actor and dancer (d. 2004)
1924 – Raymond Barre, French politician and Prime Minister (d. 2007)
1924 – Peter Safar, Austrian physician (d. 2003)
1925 – Joe Bowman (marksman), American sharpshooter, Hollywood consultant, famed bootmaker & master showman (d. 2009)
1928 – Hardy Krüger, German actor
1928 – Jean-François Paillard, French conductor
1930 – Manuel Neri, American artist
1930 – Michał Życzkowski, Polish technician (d. 2006)
1931 – Leonid Derbenyov, Russian poet-songwriter (d. 1995)
1932 – Dennis Banks, American activist
1932 – Lakshman Kadirgamar, Sri Lankan politician (d. 2005)
1932 – Tiny Tim, American musician (d. 1996)
1933 – Montserrat Caballé, Spanish soprano
1934 – Heinz Schneiter, Swiss footballer
1937 – Igor Volk, Soviet astronaut
1939 – Alan Ayckbourn, English writer
1939 – Johnny Raper, Australian rugby league footballer
1940 – Herbie Hancock, American musician and composer
1940 – John Hagee, American pastor and televangelist
1941 – Bobby Moore, English footballer (d. 1993)
1942 – Carlos Reutemann, Argentine racing driver and politician
1942 – Jacob Zuma, President of South Africa
1944 – John Kay, German-born musician
1945 – Lee Jong-wook, Korean Director-General of the WHO (d. 2006)
1946 – Ed O'Neill, American actor
1947 – Tom Clancy, American author
1947 – Woody Johnson, sports team owner
1947 – Antonin Kratochvil photographer
1947 – David Letterman, American talk show host
1947 – Dan Lauria, American actor
1948 – Jeremy Beadle, English television presenter (d. 2008)
1948 – Joschka Fischer, Foreign Minister of Germany 1998-2005
1948 – Sandra "Lois" Reeves, American singer
1949 – Scott Turow, American writer
1950 – Flavio Briatore, Italian businessman and F1 team principal (Renault F1)
1950 – David Cassidy, American singer and actor
1952 – Ralph Wiley, American sports journalist (d. 2004)
1952 – Reuben Gant, American professional football player
1954 – Pat Travers, Canadian musician
1954 – Jon Krakauer, American author
1956 – Andy Garcia, Cuban-born actor
1956 – Herbert Grönemeyer, German singer
1957 – Vince Gill, American musician
1958 – Will Sergeant, English musician
1958 – Howard Stableford, English actor and host
1960 – Ron MacLean, Canadian sportscaster
1961 – Lisa Gerrard, Australian musician
1961 – Magda Szubanski, Australian actress
1962 – Art Alexakis, American musician
1962 – Takada Nobuhiko, Japanese wrestler
1964 – Amy Ray, American musician
1965 – Tom O'Brien, American actor-producer
1965 – Kim Bodnia, Danish actor
1967 – Sarah Cracknell, English singer
1967 – Mellow Man Ace, Afro-Cuban rapper
1968 – Adam Graves, Canadian ice hockey player
1969 – Lucas Radebe, South African footballer
1970 – Nick Hexum, American musician
1971 – Nicholas Brendon, American actor
1971 – Shannen Doherty, American actor
1972 – Sebnem Ferah, Turkish singer
1972 – Paul Lo Duca, American baseball player
1972 – Dimitrios Kokotis, Greek high jumper
1973 – J. Scott Campbell, American comic book artist
1973 – Antonio Osuna, Mexican baseball player
1973 – Claudia Jordan, American model
1974 – Belinda Emmett, Australian actor(d. 2006)
1974 – Roman Hamrlik, Czech ice hockey player
1974 – Marley Shelton, American actor
1974 – Sylvinho, Brazilian footballer
1976 – Brad Miller, American basketball player
1977 – Giovanny Espinoza, Ecuadorian footballer
1977 – Glenn Rogers, Scottish cricketer
1977 – Sarah Jane Morris, American actor
1977 – Jordana Spiro, American actor
1978 – Guy Berryman, British musician (Coldplay)
1978 – Riley Smith, American actor
1979 – Claire Danes, American actor
1979 – Elena Grosheva, Olympic gymnast
1979 – Mateja Kežman, Serbian footballer
1979 – Jennifer Morrison, American actress and model
1979 – Paul Nicholls, English actor
1979 – Jordan De Jong, American baseball player
1980 – Brian McFadden, Irish Singer
1980 – Erik Mongrain, Canadian musician
1981 – Nicolás Burdisso, Argentine footballer
1981 – Brian Vandborg, Danish cyclist
1982 – Deen, Bosnian singer
1983 – Jelena Dokić, Yugoslav/Australian tennis player
1983 – Dwayne Smith, West Indian cricketer
1985 – Hitomi Yoshizawa, Japanese singer
1985 – Jeisa Chiminazzo, Brazilian supermodel
1985 – Ted Ginn, American football player
1985 – Paul Murphy, Irish footballer
1985 – Olga Seryabkina, Russian singer
1986 – Blerim Džemaili, Swiss footballer
1987 – Brendon Urie, American musician (Panic at the Disco)
1994 – Saoirse Ronan, Irish actress
1994 – Airi Suzuki, Japanese singer

Deaths

45 BC – Gnaeus Pompeius, the Younger, Roman general
65 – Seneca the Younger, Roman philosopher, statesman and dramatist
238 – Gordian I, Roman Emperor (suicide)
238 – Gordian II, heir to the Roman Empire (killed in battle)
352 – St. Julius I, 35th Pope
434 – Archbishop Maximianus of Constantinople
1125 – Vladislaus I of Bohemia (b. 1065)
1443 – Henry Chichele, Archbishop of Canterbury
1550 – Claude, Duke of Guise, French soldier (b. 1496)
1555 – Juana of Castile, wife of Philip I of Castile (b. 1479)
1675 – Richard Bennett, British Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1609)
1684 – Nicolò Amati, Italian luthier from Cremona, a member of the Amati family.
1687 – Ambrose Dixon, Virginia Colony pioneer
1704 – Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, French bishop and writer (b. 1627)
1748 – William Kent, English architect
1782 – Metastasio, Italian poet and librettist (b. 1698)
1788 – Carlo Antonio Campioni, French-born composer (b. 1719)
1795 – Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée, Bavarian general (b. 1710)
1814 – Charles Burney, English music historian (b. 1726)
1817 – Charles Messier, French astronomer (b. 1730)
1850 – Adoniram Judson, American Baptist missionary (b. 1788)
1872 – Nikolaos Mantzaros, Greek composer (b. 1795)
1878 – William Marcy Tweed, aka Boss Tweed, American politician (b. 1823)
1898 – Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau, Roman Catholic archbishop of Quebec (b. 1820)
1902 – Marie Alfred Cornu, French physicist (b. 1842)
1912 – Clara Barton, American nurse and Red Cross advocate (b. 1821)
1938 – Feodor Chaliapin, Russian bass (b. 1873)
1945 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (b. 1882)
1962 – Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya, Indian politician and engineer (b. 1861)
1962 – Ron Flockhart, Scottish racing driver (b. 1923)
1968 – Heinrich Nordhoff, German automobile engineer and Volkswagen director (b. 1899)
1971 – Ed Lafitte, American baseball player (b. 1871)
1971 – Wynton Kelly, American jazz pianist (b. 1931)
1975 – Josephine Baker, American dancer (b. 1906)
1977 – Phil Wrigley, American manufacturer and baseball executive (b. 1894)
1980 – Clark McConachy, New Zealand billiards and snooker player (b. 1895)
1980 – William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia (b. 1913)
1981 – Joe Louis, American boxer (b. 1914)
1983 – Carl Morton, American baseball player (b. 1944)
1986 – Valentin Kataev, Russian writer (b. 1897)
1987 – Mike Von Erich, American wrestler (b. 1964)
1988 – Alan Paton, South African writer (b. 1903)
1989 – Gerald Flood, British actor (b. 1927)
1989 – Abbie Hoffman, American political leader (b. 1936)
1989 – Sugar Ray Robinson, American boxer (b. 1921)
1999 – Boxcar Willie, American singer (b. 1931)
2001 – Harvey Ball, American inventor (b. 1921)
2002 – George Shevelov, Ukrainian-American linguist, Harvard professor. (b. 1908)
2003 – Cecil H. Green, American manufacturer (b. 1900)
2003 – Sydney Lassick, American actor (b. 1922)
2006 – Dr. Rajkumar, Kannada language film actor/singer (India)(b. 1929)
2006 – Puggy Pearson, American poker player (b. 1929)
2007 – Kevin Crease, Australian TV anchor (b. 1936)
2008 – Paddy Hillery, 6th President of Ireland, EEC Commissioner and Irish Minister (b. 1923)
2008 – Cecilia Colledge, British ice skater and Olympian (b. 1920)
2008 – Jerry Zucker, Israeli-born American businessman (b. 1949)
2009 – Marilyn Chambers, American pornographic actress (b. 1952)

Holidays and observances

Halifax Day in North Carolina.
The Roman holiday of Cerealia begins.
Yuri's Night, an international celebration of the first human in space, Yuri Gagarin; in Russia (and formerly in USSR), the Cosmonautics Day.

Roman Catholic Church: